Hull cell copper cathode8/25/2023 Theoretical and practical design considerations of a cylindrical Hull cell with controlled convection have been published in a recent paper. 5 The described cell configurations, however, were either empirical or of complex geometry and therefore had limited applicability. Lu proposed several designs using conical and cylindrical electrodes. In this cell, however, a well-defined current distribution is obtained only if effects resulting from a vortex can be avoided. 4 Using a partially submerged cathode and insulator baffles, they obtained a current distribution similar to that of the Hull cell. developed a hydrodynamically controlled Hull cell using a rotating cylinder with the anode placed below the cathode on the cylinder. 3 The current distribution along the cathode examined in their studies, however, was significantly more uniform than that obtained in the traditional Hull cell. Graham and Pinkerton built a rotating cylinder placed coaxial with a stationary conical anode. To overcome this problem, several authors have proposed Hull-type cells that include controlled hydrodynamic conditions. In such cases, interpretation of a Hull cell plate is difficult and the cell cannot be used effectively. Indeed, for many plating processes, mass transport is a crucial step examples include metal plating in the presence of leveling agents or alloy plating with one component being present in low concentration. A shortcoming of the traditional Hull cell is the absence of controlled mass-transport conditions. It is commonly used for maintenance of plating solutions to insure continuous production of satisfactory deposits and for the development of new electrolytes. The cell allows exploration of the variation in the appearance of an electrodeposit over a wide range of current densities along the cathode surface in order to determine optimal electroplating conditions. The Hull cell 1 is a trapezoidal structure in which the cathode is placed at an oblique angle with respect to the anode.
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